Craneosinostosis: revisión de la literatura
Resumen
La craneosinostosis es el segundo tipo de malformaciones craneofaciales más frecuente, se caracteriza por el cierre prematuro de una o más suturas del cráneo. Resulta en un cambio en la morfología del cráneo que restringe el crecimiento y desarrollo normal del cerebro, con una posible afectación del desarrollo cognitivo del individuo. Puede ser clasificada según la etiología, la presencia de otras alteraciones sindrómicas asociadas y la cantidad de suturas afectadas. La craneosinostosis no sindrómica representa el 75% de los casos de esta patología, siendo frecuentemente la sutura sagital la más afectada. Su diagnóstico es predominantemente clínico y debe hacerse de forma temprana para poder dar un tratamiento oportuno que permita un desarrollo cerebral normal. El manejo de esta patología debe ser multidisciplinario. Se presenta una revisión actualizada no sistematizada sobre la epidemiología, clasificación, fisiopatología, abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de la craneosinostosis.
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