Sulfato de zinc como adyuvante al tratamiento del niño hospitalizado por neumonía. Ensayo clínico
Resumen
INTRODUCCIÓN: Los resultados con respecto al uso del zinc en los niños hospitalizados por neumonía siguen siendo contradictorios.
OBJETIVO: Demostrar la eficacia del zinc como adyuvante.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado doble ciego en menores de 5 años. Se administró sulfato de zinc o placebo por vía bucal. Los niños recibieron 10mg/día o 20mg/día de zinc según su edad, administrados durante 14 días. Se registraron variables clínicas y de laboratorio, al ingreso, a las 72 horas y a los 7 días. La muestra consistió en 100 pacientes por grupo. La variable primaria fue el tiempo necesario para la resolución de la neumonía y las secundarias, el tiempo para la resolución de los indicadores clínicos, falla terapéutica y los efectos adversos. Las variables fueron contrastadas mediante la prueba t de Student o prueba de Mann-Whitney y la prueba χ2. La significancia estadística fue considerada con valor de p <0,05.
RESULTADOS: En el grupo que recibió zinc se registró menor tiempo de resolución de la neumonía 72 vs 120 horas (p<0,001), así como de las horas necesarias para normalizar cada indicador clínico de neumonía (p<;0,001). Igualmente la estadía hospitalaria fue mucho menor [(mediana 5(4,8-5,2) vs 9(8,3-9,7) (p<0,001)] como también el riesgo de falla terapéutica, el riesgo relativo fue 0,17 IC 95(0,07-0,38) p<0,0001. No hubo diferencias significativas en la aparición de efectos adversos [riesgo relativo 1,67 IC 95 (0,77-3,63)].
CONCLUSIÓN: La adición de zinc a la terapia general en los niños con neumonía demostró ser eficaz sin eventos adversos relevantes.
Citas
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